Przeczytaj dwa teksty związane ze słynnymi fotografiami. Z podanych odpowiedzi
wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią tekstu. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B, C albo D.

 

Tekst 1.
MY FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH GORILLAS
I shall never forget the day I met gorillas for the first time. In the middle of an African forest
I suddenly heard high-pitched screams in the air. They were followed by a series of sharp
pok-pok chest-beats from a great silverback male hidden behind a dense wall of vegetation.
When I actually saw the gorillas, I froze and remained still until the echoes of the screams and
chest-beats faded. The group must have been resting and sunbathing. I could distinguish
a few black, furry-headed creatures staring back at me. Their bright eyes moved nervously as
they attempted to determine if I was a friend or an enemy. The females looked tense. They
had moved with their infants to the back of the group, leaving the silverback leader and some
younger males in the foreground. Occasionally, the dominant male would rise to chest-beat
in an attempt to frighten me away.
I desperately wanted to take a photo of them, so I decided to climb a tree, not one of my better
talents. The tree was smooth and slippery and, no matter how hard I tried, I couldn’t get more
than a metre above the ground. I was as noisy as a flock of birds in the migration season so
the gorillas went back and hid in the thick forest. I was about to give up when Sanwekwe,
my African guide, came to my aid by giving me a mighty push upwards. He was shaking with
silent laughter while I felt as helpless as a baby taking its first steps. Finally, I pulled myself up
onto a branch about six metres above the ground.
By this time I assumed that the noise I had made must have frightened the gorillas onto
the next mountain. But to my surprise, the entire group had returned and were watching me
like front-row spectators at a circus. All that was needed to make the image complete were
a few bags of popcorn and some cotton candy! All the members of the group had revealed
themselves because it was obvious to them that the intruder had been distracted by
tree-climbing problems, an activity they could understand. I took out my camera, and that’s
how probably one of the most publicized pictures of gorillas in the wild was taken. It shows
a lineup of sixteen gorillas posing as if for a family photo in a back garden.

6.1. When the author saw the gorillas for the first time,
A. they looked at her anxiously, trying to figure out her intentions.
B. younger males started to make noises in order to scare her.
C. she hid behind a bush to avoid being noticed by them.
D. the females gathered around the dominant male.

6.2. The author’s attempt to climb a tree
A. provoked a disapproving comment from her guide.
B. was successful thanks to someone’s assistance.
C. encouraged the gorillas to do the same.
D. made the gorillas come to her rescue.

6.3. Which would be the best caption for the photo the author took?
A. GORILLAS WAITING FOR A TREAT
B. GORILLAS CHASING ME UP A TREE
C. GORILLAS FRIGHTENED BY A CAMERA
D. GORILLAS FASCINATED BY MY CLIMBING ATTEMPT

Tekst 2.
THE MYSTERY OF A FAMOUS KISS SOLVED?
Immediately after President Truman announced Japan’s surrender in World War II,
at 7:03 p.m. on August 14, 1945, amid the crowds celebrating victory in Times Square,
an American sailor shared a passionate kiss with a nurse who was passing by. Or, at least,
that’s how the story went.
In fact, as reported by the New York Times in 2010, Alfred Eisenstaedt’s famous photo
“The Kiss” might have been taken hours earlier. Gloria Bullard, who was in Times Square that
day, claimed that she had seen the pair who were in the photograph kiss. However, in her
eighties, when interviewed by the New York Times, she said that she had returned home on
August 14 by dusk. As her house was 40 miles from Times Square, a long train ride away, she
can’t have been in New York as late as 7 p.m.
There were also some other doubts as to the circumstances in which the photo was taken.
Online comments under the New York Times article pointed to a distinctive shadow that
appears on one of the buildings in the photo, cast by another building, now identified as
the Astor Hotel. Three academics set out to examine the length and direction of that shadow
to determine the time the photo was taken. They found out that the sun must have been
“at azimuth 270 degrees and at an altitude of +22.7 degrees” in order to create such a shadow.
It could only have achieved that position on the day in question at 5:51 p.m., much earlier than
when the victory was announced.
Although the scientists’ detective work didn’t solve the mystery of the kissing couple’s identity,
it helped to eliminate dozens of people who had claimed to have been in the photo.
The photographer himself had tried to establish the couple’s identity, and in 1979,
he announced that he had found the long-lost nurse. For the next thirty years, Edith Shain was
thought to be the woman in the photo. But Eisenstaedt’s attempts to determine the sailor’s
identity failed. It was Lawrence Verria and George Galdorisi who provided ultimate proof of
the identity of the couple in their book The Kissing Sailor. They identified the man in the photo
as George Mendonsa and excluded Edith Shain as the nurse he kissed. They concluded
without any doubt that the woman was Greta Zimmer, a dental assistant from Queens.
Why did Edith Shain claim to be the nurse who was kissed? It’s hard to say. The most credible
explanation is simply that she wanted her moment in the limelight. Can we be sure that the last
word about the mysterious photo has been said?

6.4. The exact time Eisenstaedt took the photo was established based on
A. an eye-witness account of the event.
B. online comments posted under an article.
C. a scientific analysis of a shadow visible in the photo.
D. research into several articles published in the New York Times.

6.5. Which of the following is stated in the text as an opinion, and not a fact?
A. Gloria Bullard can’t have been in Times Square when the victory was announced.
B. The true identity of the couple in the photograph was revealed in a book.
C. Many people claimed to have been the couple that was photographed.
D. Edith Shain pretended to have been the nurse in the photo to draw attention to herself