For given questions, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap.

VOLCANOES
Volcanoes threaten the lives of 500 million people, but scientists still know so little about them. If we consider 1) ......... mankind first recorded a volcanic eruption in a wall painting dating 2) ......... more than 9,000 years, we still treat them 3) ........ extraordinary complacency. While it is true that scientists now understand how many of the different types of work, they 4) ........ don't understand all the factors that ultimately lead to the eruption itself. Despite technological advances, they can't even predict, closer than to within a few hours or days, when a volcano is going to erupt, and nor can they forecast its behaviour. 5) ........ if we could isolate all the forces that could conceivably trigger an eruption, we would still have difficulty in understanding the signals in advance. A volcano's history of eruptions, the pattern of underlying earthquakes, ground deformation and the escape of various oxide gases are 6) ......... indicative of future eruptive activity, but are not always easy to read early 7) ......... for appropriate steps to be taken. Volcanologists calculate that they have a one in ten chance of accurately predicting an eruption. This highlights need for moving people 8) .......... the vicinity of active volcanoes but this is dismissed by residents who live near volcanoes and officials 9) ............. .