For given questions, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap. TIP: A number of the missing words are usually prepositions or articles.

VISITING THE ANTARCTIC

At present, the easiest way to 1) ........ see and experience the Antarctic is by ship. Tourists travel, eat and sleep on the ship and are normally landed via inflatable boats 2) ........... various locations for a few hours. This has the added advantage of limiting the environmental impact of tourism in the region. Usually, tourists stop at two or three sites a day, dependent on weather conditions. Ships departing from southern South America typically concentrate on activities around the Antarctic Peninsula in th west, in its abundance of wildlife, spectacular scenery and concentration of scientific research stations.

On the other hand, visits to East Antarctica are limited 3) ........ ships from Australia and New Zealand. All voyages, regardless of 4) ........ point of origin, 5) .......... use of visits to sub-Antarctic islands en-route in order to break the voyage. There is also a growing trend to provide 'add-ons' such as sea-kayaking, scuba-diving, overnight stays ashore and brief mountaineering expeditions to cater 6) ........ the more adventurous. The only 7) ....... possibility is to travel by air. Mountain climbers, skiers, trekkers and 8) .......... ordinary tourists fly from Chile to a summer camp in Patriot Hills. From here, flights are made to a variety of places for mountain climbers and to locations 9) ......... the southern coast, 10) ........ tourists can see penguin colonies. 11) ........ costs are high, itineraries are tailored to 12) ........ specific requirements.