11. Przeczytaj uważnie poniższy tekst. Na podstawie informacji zawartych w tekście wybierz jedną,
właściwą, odpowiedź. Zakreśl literę A, B, C lub D.
Did the Extraterrestrials really build the Egyptian Pyramids?
Many people (incorrectly) believe that large ancient Egyptian monuments (such as the Pyramids, the Sphinx,
obelisks and colossi) could not have been constructed by the ancient Egyptians themselves and must have therefore
been built by extraterrestrial beings. This is obviously a completely ludicrous idea for a multitude of reasons.
Despite a lack of modern technology, the ancient Egyptians had massive labour forces, enough engineering, ample
mathematical knowledge and available materials. There are much simpler explanations than wild 'aliens theories'.
The ancient Egyptian year was divided into three seasons: Peret, when crops were planted; Shemu, when they were
harvested; and Akhet, when the fields were flooded. During Akhet no work could be done on the land, so the
Pharaoh conscripted the peasants to build his great monuments, preparing for the afterlife and pleasing the gods.
This gave him a huge workforce, which worked longer hours and were driven by religious beliefs to work
diligently.
The ‘alien theorists' happily point to the Egyptians' lack of sophisticated technology. They had no trucks or cranes
to transport and Eft the huge pyramid stones and obelisks. However,this argument ignores simpler methods that the
Egyptians DID have. Egyptian hieroglyphics show these stones floating down the river Nile on barges, which were
very wide (half their own length) so they would be stable even under huge weights. Once on land, the stones were
dragged by sheer brute force across wooden rollers. Engineers of that time used ancient technology to find
ingenious techniques to raise obelisks (by removing sand from the obelisk's base until it is vertical) and lifting the
huge stones (via circular ramps).
Ancient Egyptian mathematicians, like the priest Imhotep (who designed the first step pyramid, predecessor to the
true pyramid), knew enough to design these things. They still made mistakes but archeological evidence shows
constant corrections were made and over time they perfected their techniques.
The ancients also had everything they needed - today we can see quarries all over Egypt and beyond where the
huge stones came from. Some say that the 'wooden rollers theory' would not work because the only wood in Egypt
was from date palms - too soft to support the huge stones. However, archeological evidence shows that there was
steady trade in those days and hard wood (inter alia) was imported.
In proving that aliens did it, theorists must prove firstly that aliens exist and secondly that they might somehow
have stumbled across the Earth amidst the incredible vastness of the universe.

Adapted from Benjamin Marshall, The Ancient Egyptian Monuments Were Built by Ancient
Egyptians, not Extraterrestrials

11.1. It is often falsely believed that
A. aliens were helped by the Egyptian peasants when building the Pyramids.
B. Egyptian science was not developed enough to handle the construction of such great works.
C. the material for building the Egyptian monuments must have been brought by aliens.
D. even with modern equipment builders would not be able to construct such huge monuments.

11.2. One of the main reasons for the Pharaoh to order his peasants to build the monuments was that
A. it was impossible for them to work on the land all the time due to some external factors.
B. the Pharaoh wanted to make himself immortal.
C. the peasants needed this kind of work to uphold their religious beliefs.
D. there was huge workforce that had to be engaged in any way possible.

11.3. The ancient Egyptians managed to transport stones and obelisks
A. even though their means of transport were not equipped with engines.
B. using not only people, but also animals to pull them on land.
C. by digging ramps under them.
D. by dragging large blocks with wooden rollers.